Paris, France - Oral and nasal snuff and chewing tobacco increase the risk of certain types of cancer but are probably safer than smoking, according to a review published on Wednesday in the journal Lancet Oncology.

The risk of throat and pancreatic cancer is roughly 60 per cent higher among users of smokeless tobacco products compared with non-users, it found.

Investigators in the United States and Asia also found a 260 per cent increase in the risk of mouth cancer among smokeless tobacco users, compared with non-users, but a similar European investigation found no added risk, it said.

No conclusive evidence has emerged to suggest that these products enhanced the risk of lung cancer, the overview found.

More than 30 carcinogens, or cancer-causing ingredients, can be found in smokeless tobacco, a category that comprises oral products that are sucked or chewed or, in powdered form, inhaled through the nose.

'(The) cancer risk of smokeless tobacco users is probably lower than that of smokers, but higher than that of non-tobacco users,' the paper says.

The study was lead-authored by Mr Paolo Boffetta of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), based in Lyon, southeastern France. -- AFP