Each shot costs around $25 to $30 and is available at selected hospitals, polyclinics and family clinics. The vaccines can cause minor side effects such as soreness and fevers, and - on rare occasions - severe allergic reactions.

Why do I get a slight flu immediately after vaccination?

Said Dr Chan: "Flu vaccines contain a half-dead version of the actual virus and may cause a mini-infection."

This stimulates the body's immune system to fight back. The body will then be able to mount a faster and more effective response to future attacks by real viruses, thus helping to ward off infections.

Do home remedies like vitamin C, garlic and echinacea actually work?

There is no hard evidence that these "natural remedies" can prevent or cure colds and flu.

Said Dr Yeo: "But they help to boost our immune system, which ultimately helps to overcome the virus."

What should I do to avoid catching the flu? And what should I do if my child or I catch it?

Prevention is better than cure.

Said Dr Wong: "As flu strains mutate, keeping up-to-date with annual flu jabs is the best bet against flu."

To keep viruses at bay, build up your immune system with a proper diet and adequate exercise.

Practise good hygiene like washing your hands frequently, sneezing into tissues, and avoiding close contact with people who are ill.

The pressures of everyday life can also weaken the immune system. Some studies show that people suffering from chronic stress come down with more colds and upper-respiratory infections.

Chilly weather also weakens the body's natural immunity, leading to infections.

When down with a cold, drink plenty of fluids and rest. Treat mild symptoms with paracetamol or aspirin, but consult a doctor if they become more severe, or flu-like symptoms develop.

Stay home from work, and keep children at home, away from school, to avoid passing on the bug.

dawnt@sph.com.sg

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